Monkey Business

Everyone knows that humans are supposedly evolved for apes, but prior to last Friday, it was believed that humans are most closely related to chimpanzees. Researchers have recently completed the genome sequence for the gorilla, which is the last of the living great apes to have its genome decodes. Now for the first time, scientists have been able to compare the genomes of the four great apes: humans, chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans. This study shows that humans are actually more closely related to gorillas than any other ape.

What sophomores need to know…

Diffusion:
This is the movement from a HIGH concentration to a LOW concentration.

                HIGH à LOW

Simple Diffusion:
- Passing through the cell membrane into or out of the cell
- No energy needed

Facilitated Diffusion:
- Diffusion through protein channels
- Channels move SPECIFIC molecules across the cell membrane
- No energy needed

Osmosis:
- The movement of WATER across the cell membrane

 

Active Transport:
- Diffusion AGAINST concentration gradient

                LOW à HIGH

- Uses an protein pump (like a protein channel) that moves it across the cell membrane
- Needs energy (ATP)